What is the physical structure of a chromosome?

Each chromosome in its non-replicated state consists of a single chromatid, which is simply a very long DNA molecule to which are attached a great many histone protein molecule complexes. Each of these complexes is an octamer made from four subunits, each containing a pair of histone subtypes.

What two structures make up a chromosome?

​Chromatid During cell division, the chromosomes first replicate so that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. Following DNA replication, the chromosome consists of two identical structures called sister chromatids, which are joined at the centromere.

What is the best description of the structure of a chromosome?

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique.

What are the structural composition of a chromosome strand?

Chromosomes are very long structures consisting of two DNA polymers, joined together by hydrogen bonds connecting complementary base pairs. A chromosome is divided into segments of double-stranded DNA called genes.

Which best describes the structure of chromosomes during metaphase?

Solution: At metaphase, the chromosomes are arranged at the equatorial plate and the spindle fibers are attached to the sister chromatids at the centromere.

What are the 6 parts of chromosomes?

6 Main Parts of a Chromosome

• Part # 1. Pellicle and Matrix:
• Part # 2. Chromatids, Chromonema and Chromomeres:
• Part # 3. Centromeres (= Primary constriction):
• Part # 4. Secondary Constriction:
• Part # 5. Satellite:
• Part # 6. Telomere:

What is the bottom of a chromosome called?

The centromere is what separates the chromosome into what we call, for human chromosomes, the P and Q arm. And these P and Q arms are a part of what we use when we do cytogenetics to say how many chromosomes are present in a cell and what chromosome number they are.

What are two chromosomes with identical structure?

A chromatid is one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome. During cell division, the chromosomes first replicate so that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. Following DNA replication, the chromosome consists of two identical structures called sister chromatids, which are joined at the centromere.

What is a chromosome and how are they formed?

As already mentioned, the chromosomes are made from the DNA molecule being tightly coiled and tightly packed. Here, the molecule of DNA is coiled around proteins known as histones that provide structural support. Therefore, molecules of DNA as well as histones are the main components of chromosomes.

What cell structure contains the chromosomes?

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells . Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed from parents to offspring, DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique.

What are the different parts of a chromosome?

The parts of a chromosome are the Centromere, the Kinetochores, the Telomeres and a pair of sister Chromatids. The chromatids are each divided into a “p” arm and a “q” arm. (The p arm is the shorter one).