How can you tell the difference between glomerular and Extraglomerular hematuria?

Now how do we differentiate between glomerular and extraglomerular type of hematuria? The patients who have extraglomerular hematuria, the urine is going to be red or pink, whereas in patients who have glomerular disease, it’s more likely to be reddish to brown.

What causes glomerular disorders?

What causes glomerular disease? Glomerular disease may be caused by an infection or a drug that is harmful to your kidneys. In other cases, it may be caused by a disease that affects the entire body, like diabetes or lupus.

What is a glomerular injury?

Glomerular disease damages the glomeruli, affecting their ability to properly function. Instead of keeping protein and red blood cells circulating in the blood, damaged glomeruli leak some of these products into your urine.

How many glomeruli are in each kidney?

Each kidney contains approximately 500,000 glomeruli, which are small balls of capillaries (diameter 0.1 mm) through which the blood is filtered. Glomeruli are present only in the cortex. In the healthy kidney, approximately 100 ml/min is filtered through the glomerulus and into the space outside (urinary space).

How are glomerular capillaries different from regular capillaries?

Unlike systemic capillaries, which receive blood from high-resistance arterioles and drain to low-resistance venules, glomerular capillaries are connected in both ends to high-resistance arterioles: the afferent arteriole, and the efferent arteriole.

What is the difference between occult blood and RBC in urine?

Occult blood is blood that cannot be seen without a microscope. Normal urine doesn’t contain red blood cells, except females’ urine during menstruation. Blood in the urine, called hematuria, is not a normal finding, but it is not uncommon and not necessarily a cause for alarm.

What is glomerular hematuria?

Glomerular hematuria is a cardinal symptom of renal disease. Glomerular hematuria may be classified as microhematuria or macrohematuria according to the number of red blood cells in urine. Recent evidence suggests a pathological role of persistent glomerular microhematuria in the progression of renal disease.

What causes glomerular proteinuria?

In many cases, proteinuria is caused by relatively benign (non-cancerous) or temporary medical conditions. These include dehydration, inflammation and low blood pressure. Intense exercise or activity, emotional stress, aspirin therapy and exposure to cold can also trigger proteinuria.

Which blood vessels supply the kidneys?

The renal arteries are large blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to your kidneys. Renal is another word for kidney. You have two renal arteries. The right renal artery supplies blood to the right kidney, while the left artery sends blood to the left kidney.

Why are glomerular capillaries considered unique capillaries?

These capillaries are each contained within the Bowman’s capsule and they are the only capillary beds in the body that are not surrounded by interstitial tissue. Therefore, a unique support structure is needed to maintain flow in these essential capillary units.

Why are glomerular capillaries unique?

Glomerular capillaries are internally lined by endothelial cells that are in contact with the bloodstream. A unique feature of glomerular endothelial cells is their fenestrations—holes in the cell that permit passage of fluid across the glomerular capillary wall.

What are urine RBCs?

Blood in the urine means there are red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine. Often, the urine looks normal to the naked eye. But when checked under a microscope, it contains a high number of red blood cells. In some cases, the urine is pink, red, or the color of tea, which you can see without a microscope.

What are the symptoms of glomerular disease in urine?

Blood in the urine (hematuria): Glomerular disease can cause your glomeruli to leak blood into your urine. Your urine may look pink or light brown from blood. Protein in the urine (proteinuria):Glomerular disease can cause your glomeruli to leak protein into your urine. Your urine may be foamy because of the protein.

What causes persistent hematuria in patients with glomerular disease?

When persistent hematuria is the only manifestation of glomerular disease, one of three disorders is most likely: IgA nephropathy, in which there is often gross hematuria but a negative family history of renal disease; Hereditary nephritis, in which gross hematuria can also occur in association with a positive family history of renal failure; and

What is the difference between gross hematuria and microscopic hematuria?

Hematuria is the presence of blood in a person’s urine. Gross hematuria is when a person can see the blood in his or her urine, and microscopic hematuria is when a person cannot see the blood in his or her urine, yet a health care professional can see it under a microscope. The causes of hematuria include vigorous exercise and sexual activity,

What causes protein in urine with glomerular disease?

Protein in the urine (proteinuria): Glomerular disease can cause your glomeruli to leak protein into your urine. Your urine may be foamy because of the protein. Edema: Glomerular disease can cause fluid to build up in your body. The extra fluid can cause swelling in body parts like your hands, ankles, or around your eyes.