What is the main function of p53?

Normal Function The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too fast or in an uncontrolled way.

What is the role of p53 if there is DNA damage?

p53 plays a prominent role as a facilitator of DNA repair by halting the cell cycle to allow time for the repair machineries to restore genome stability. In addition, p53 took on diverse roles to also directly impact the activity of various DNA-repair systems.

What is the role of p53 in apoptosis?

The p53 tumor suppressor acts to integrate multiple stress signals into a series of diverse antiproliferative responses. One of the most important p53 functions is its ability to activate apoptosis, and disruption of this process can promote tumor progression and chemoresistance.

Why is it important to study p53?

Oncogenic activation of RAS, p53 protein overexpression, and p53 gene mutations have been reported as prognostic markers of poor outcome in NSCLC patients. Because p53 is an important factor in the regulation and initiation of DNA repair, aberrations in p53 expression may also affect response to chemotherapy.

How does p53 regulate cell proliferation?

Early works on p53 have elucidated its canonical function in response to DNA damage. Specifically, in the presence of mild stress or damage signal, p53 blocks cell cycle progression and activates DNA repair machinery to promote cell survival and maintain genome integrity.

What happens when p53 is activated?

Upon activation, p53 induces the expression of a variety of gene products, which cause either a prolonged cell-cycle arrest in G1, thereby preventing proliferation of damaged cells, or apoptosis, thereby removing damaged cells from our body.

Is p53 a tumor suppressor or oncogene?

The standard classification used to define the various cancer genes confines tumor protein p53 (TP53) to the role of a tumor suppressor gene. However, it is now an indisputable fact that many p53 mutants act as oncogenic proteins.

How does p53 help in cell regulation?

P53 forms a homotetrameric transcription factor that is reported to directly regulate ~500 target genes, thereby controlling a broad range of cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, cell senescence, DNA repair, metabolic adaptation and cell death.

How does p53 work in the cell cycle?

In normal cells, the p53 protein level is low. DNA damage and other stress signals may trigger the increase of p53 proteins, which have three major functions: growth arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis (cell death). The growth arrest stops the progression of cell cycle, preventing replication of damaged DNA.

How p53 regulates the cell cycle?

What are the three roles of p53 in cell cycle?

What do you need to know about p53?

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What role does p53 have in controlling cell division?

Normal Function. The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This protein acts as a tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too fast or in an uncontrolled way.

What role does p53 play in the cell cycle?

It plays following important roles in cell cycle: The p53 protein is the conductor of a well orchestrated system of cellular damage detection and control. As soon as the protein network sense the damage, p53 protein aids in the decision between repair and the induction of cell death. This process is called apoptosis.

How does p53 cause cancer?

In cases where the DNA damage is irreparable, the p53 gene initiates a process called apoptosis that destroys the cancer cell before it reproduces itself. The p53 gene can also limit blood flow to tumors, which prevents growth and alerts nearby immune cells to attack cancer cells.