What was a result of the achievements of the Abbasid empire?

Great advances were made in many areas of science, mathematics, and medicine. Schools of higher education and libraries were built throughout the empire. The culture flourished as Arabic art and architecture reached new heights. This period lasted from around 790 CE to 1258 CE.

Where did Muhammad receive his first revelation?

Hira
The event took place in a cave called Hira, located on the mountain Jabal an-Nour, near Mecca.

Who were the Abbasid caliphs and why were they important?

The Abbasid caliphs were Arabs descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, one of the youngest uncles of Muhammad and of the same Banu Hashim clan. The Abbasids claimed to be the true successors of Muhammad in replacing the Umayyad descendants of Banu Umayya by virtue of their closer bloodline to Muhammad.

How were the Abbasids able to gain support of Shiites?

The Abbasids built a coalition of Persianmawali, Eastern Arabs, and Shiites. The Abbasids were able to gain Shiite support because they claimed descent from Muhammad through Muhammad’s uncle Abbas. Their descent from Muhammad was not through Ali, as Shiites would have preferred, but Shiites still considered the Abbasids better than the Umayyads.

How did the Abbasids claim to be the true successor of Muhammad?

The Abbasids claimed to be the true successors of Muhammad in replacing the Umayyad descendants of Banu Umayya by virtue of their closer bloodline to Muhammad. The Abbasids also distinguished themselves from the Umayyads by attacking their moral character and administration in general.

How did the city of Baghdad change under the Abbasid dynasty?

The city of Baghdad between 767 and 912 CE. The first change made by the Abbasids under Al-Mansur was to move the empire’s capital from Damascus to a newly founded city.