How do transposons and retrotransposons differ in how they move around in a genome quizlet?

-Transposons move by means of a DNA intermediate, whereas retrotransposons move by means of an RNA intermediate. -Transposons may or may not leave a copy behind at the original site, whereas retrotransposons always leave a copy behind at the original site.

What do transposable elements do?

A transposable element (TE, transposon, or jumping gene) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell’s genetic identity and genome size. Transposons are also very useful to researchers as a means to alter DNA inside a living organism.

In what way might gene duplication play a role in evolution?

Many new gene functions have evolved through gene duplication and it has contributed tremendously to the evolution of developmental programmes in various organisms. Gene duplication can provide new genetic material for mutation, drift and selection to act upon, the result of which is specialized or new gene functions.

What are the steps in shotgun sequencing?

• Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing (WGS) WGS generally involves six steps, isolation of genomic DNA, random fragmentation of genomic DNA, size selection using electrophoresis, library construction, paired-end sequencing (PE sequencing), and genome assembly.

Which is a characteristic of retrotransposons but not of DNA transposons?

Hence retrotransposons can be thought of as replicative, whereas DNA transposons are non-replicative. Due to their replicative nature, retrotransposons can increase eukaryotic genome size quickly and survive in eukaryotic genomes permanently.

Do retrotransposons encode reverse transcriptase?

In higher eukaryotic genomes, Long Interspersed Nuclear Element 1 (LINE-1) retrotransposons represent a large family of repeated genomic elements. They transpose using a reverse transcriptase (RT), which they encode as part of the ORF2p product.

How do jumping genes jump?

They found that some jumping genes—known as retrotransposons—rely on “nurse cells” that produce genetic supplies like proteins and RNA for the developing egg. They tag along with some of those supplies into the egg, where they transpose themselves into the egg DNA hundreds or even thousands of times.

How can gene duplication create families of genes?

Genes duplicate over evolutionary times. As they duplicate this can lead to families of related genes. Since they come from the same progenitor gene, they often have related biochemical functions. Gene families can expand and contract over evolutionary time scales.

What are 3 possible fates of a duplicated gene?

Figure 3. Potential fates of duplicate genes. Duplicate genes can be pseudogenized/lost (A), retained by selection on existing functions (B–E), or retained by selection on novel functions (F and G).

How does map based sequencing work?

To map a set of STSs a collection of overlapping DNA fragments from a single chromosome or the entire genome is required. To do this, the genome is first broken up into fragments. The fragments are then replicated up to 10 times in bacterial cells to create a library of DNA clones.

How does shotgun cloning differ from the clone by clone method?

In the clone-by-clone method, computer software assembles the clones. In shotgun cloning, the location of the clone being sequenced is known relative to other clones within the genomic library. D. The entire genome is sequenced in the clone-by-clone method, but not in shotgun sequencing.