How does tetracycline compromise or destroy bacteria?

Tetracycline works by binding specifically to the 30S ribosome of the bacteria, preventing attachment of the aminoacyl tRNA to the RNA-ribosome complex. It simultaneously inhibits other steps of the protein biosynthesis.

What bacteria does tetracycline affect?

The tetracyclines are active against most gram-positive bacilli, including Actinomyces israelii, Arachnia, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, and most clostridia and Nocardia. Many gram-negative bacteria are resistant to tetracyclines.

How is tetracycline effective?

Tetracycline reversibly inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the ribosomal complex, preventing the association of aminoacyl-tRNA with the bacterial ribosome [1]. In gram-negative bacteria, tetracyclines move through membranes via porin channels and accumulate in the periplasmic space.

How do tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis?

The tetracyclines, which were discovered in the 1940s, are a family of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal acceptor (A) site.

What do tetracyclines cover?

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum agents, exhibiting activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, atypical organisms such as chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, and rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites.

Why does tetracycline only affect bacteria?

They inhibit protein synthesis in both bacterial and human cells. Bacteria have a system that allows tetracyclines to be transported into the cell, whereas human cells do not; human cells therefore are spared the effects of tetracycline on protein synthesis.

How do macrolides affect bacteria?

Macrolides work by binding to a specific subunit of ribosomes (sites of protein synthesis) in susceptible bacteria, thereby inhibiting the formation of bacterial proteins. In most organisms this action inhibits cell growth; however, in high concentrations it can cause cell death.

What are tetracyclines give its structure uses and side effects?

Tetracycline is an antibiotic that fights infection caused by bacteria. Tetracycline is used to treat many different bacterial infections of the skin, intestines, respiratory tract, urinary tract, genitals, lymph nodes, and other body systems.

What is a major side effect of tetracyclines?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, mouth sores, black hairy tongue, sore throat, dizziness, headache, or rectal discomfort may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Why are eukaryotic cells unaffected by antibiotics in the tetracycline class?

Tetracyclines can also inhibit protein synthesis in the host, but are less likely to reach the concentration required because eukaryotic cells do not have a tetracycline uptake mechanism.

How do fluoroquinolone antibiotics work?

Fluoroquinolones work by inhibiting the action of enzymes such as type II DNA topoisomerases, DNA gyrase, and topoisomerase IV (enzymes that participate in cutting and supercoiling of double-stranded DNA) that are required for the synthesis of bacterial mRNAs and DNA replication.

How do tetracyclines affect and destroy bacteria?

They do so by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and prevent addition of amino acids to the peptide chain. Tetracyclines do not usually “destroy” or kill bacteria (that is, they are not usually bactericidal). They have a bacteriostatic activity: this means that they stop bacteria from replicating.

How does tetracyline kill bacteria?

Tetracycline works by binding specifically to the 30S ribosome of the bacteria, preventing attachment of the aminoacyl tRNA to the RNA-ribosome complex. It simultaneously inhibits other steps of the protein biosynthesis. Tetracycline can also alter the cytoplasmic membrane and this in turn causes leakage…

Does tetracycline kill bacteria?

Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic. They do not kill bacteria; they prevent bacteria from growing, so that the body’s natural defenses are better able to deal with an infection. For this reason, tetracyclines are not used in patients with impaired immune systems.

How does tetracycline affect a bacterial cell?

Tetracycline. They inhibit protein synthesis in both bacterial and human cells. Bacteria have a system that allows tetracyclines to be transported into the cell, whereas human cells do not; human cells therefore are spared the effects of tetracycline on protein synthesis.