How is the Bose-Einstein condensate achieved?

To make a Bose-Einstein condensate, you start with a cloud of diffuse gas. Many experiments start with atoms of rubidium. Then you cool it with lasers, using the beams to take energy away from the atoms. After that, to cool them further, scientists use evaporative cooling.

What are the properties of Bose-Einstein condensate?

The most obvious property of a BEC is that a large fraction of its particles occupy the same, namely the lowest, energy state. In atomic condensates this can be confirmed by measuring the velocity distribution of the atoms in the gas.

What is an example of Bose-Einstein condensate?

Two examples of materials containing Bose-Einstein condensates are superconductors and superfluids. Superconductors conduct electricity with virtually zero electrical resistance: Once a current is started, it flows indefinitely. The liquid in a superfluid also flows forever.

Can photons form Bose-Einstein condensate?

“The photons acquire the temperature of the dye solution,” says Weitz. The strong concentration of the light particles combined with simultaneous cooling causes the individual photons to fuse to form a “super photon,” also known as Bose-Einstein condensate.

What can you do with Bose-Einstein condensate?

The proposed areas of applications of bose-einstein condensate are:

• Quantum information processing- concept of quantum computer.
• Precision measurement by development of most sensitive detectors using BEC.
• Development of optical lattices which could be easily modifiable by varying the interplanar spacing etc.

What is the molecular arrangement of Bose-Einstein condensate?

A Bose-Einstein condensate is a collection of atoms cooled to extremely low temperatures in which all the atoms occupy the same quantum state. The researchers used laser fields to induce pairs of rubidium atoms in a condensate to join together into molecules.

How much kinetic energy does Bose-Einstein condensate have?

Bose einstein condensate have low kinetic energy.

Is Bose Einstein condensate possible?

An international team of researchers has successfully produced a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in space for the first time. A Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter occurring after gas atoms with very low density are chilled to very near absolute zero and bunch up to form an extremely dense quantum state.

What is the difference between Bose Einstein Condensate and fermionic condensate?

The only difference is that Bose-Einstein condensates are made up of bosons, and are social with each other (in groups, or clumps). Fermi condensates are anti-social (they don’t attract each other at all). This has to be done artificially.

How do alkaline earth metals react with halogens to form halides?

Alkaline earth metals from calcium to barium react with all halogens to form solid ionic halides with a definite crystal structure. Reactivity decreases from fluorine to iodine.

How do alkali earth metals react with water?

Alkaline earth metals react in lesser tendency with water when it compares with alkali metals. Beryllium and Magnesium do not react with cold water. Magnesium reacts with steam and form magnesium oxide. But beryllium does not react with steam. Calcium, strontium and barium react with water and form hydroxides and hydrogen gas.

How do alkali metals replace hydrogen from proton donors?

Alkali metals can replace hydrogen from any proton donor molecules like alkynes, ammonia, alcohol etc. Metal and their oxides react with water to ultimately yield hydroxides. The hydroxides are alkaline which react with carbon dioxide to carbonates.

Why are alkali metals the most electropositive elements?

Since the alkali metals are the most electropositive (the least electronegative) of elements, they react with a great variety of nonmetals. In its chemical reactivity, lithium more closely resembles Group 2 (IIa) of the periodic table than it does the other metals of its own group.