How many ATP does electron transport produce?

2.5 ATP/NADH and 1.5 ATP/FADH2 are produced in the electron transport chain. Some resources will say 3 ATP/NADH and 2 ATP/FADH2, but these values are generally less accepted now.

How many protons move for the synthesis of one molecule of ATP?

The H+/ATP ratio, defined as the number of protons necessary to synthesize one ATP at equilibrium, is four, according to the data of the present work.

What does the synthesis of ATP require?

ATP synthesis involves the transfer of electrons from the intermembrane space, through the inner membrane, back to the matrix. The combination of the two components provides sufficient energy for ATP to be made by the multienzyme Complex V of the mitochondrion, more generally known as ATP synthase.

What is required for ATP synthesis in mitochondria?

At the inner mitochondrial membrane, a high energy electron is passed along an electron transport chain. The energy released pumps hydrogen out of the matrix space. The gradient created by this drives hydrogen back through the membrane, through ATP synthase.

In what order do the electrons move through the electron transport chain?

The electrons must travel through special proteins stuck in the thylakoid membrane. They go through the first special protein (the photosystem II protein) and down the electron transport chain. Then they pass through a second special protein (photosystem I protein).

How many protons are needed for one ATP and where are the protons?

For an F0 with 9 c-subunits, 9 protons are allowed down their concentration gradient and one 360° rotation of the F1 subunit produces 3 ATP molecules; or 3 protons per ATP. But, one proton is needed to get substrate Pi into matrix, so the total is 4 protons per ATP.

How many total protons are required for the synthesis and transport of ATP from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm?

four protons
Thus currently most investigators think that the conversion of cytoplasmic ADP and Pi into cytoplasmic ATP requires the total movement of four protons into the mitochondrial matrix. There is rather good evidence that, for each two electrons passing from NADH to oxygen, tenprotons are translocated outwards (Fig.

How are ATPS synthesized in the ATP synthase?

During photosynthesis in plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma. An F-ATPase consists of two main subunits, FO and F1, which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production.

How is ATP synthesized 10?

ATP is synthesized from ADP and Pi. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme called as ATP synthase. When the enzyme and substrate (ADP) are distant inside the cell, the reaction cannot take place spontaneously.

How many ATP molecules are produced in the mitochondria?

In the mitochondria, the metabolism of sugars is completed, and the energy released is harnessed so efficiently that about 30 molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized.

How is ATP transported in the electron transport chain?

The Electron Transport Chain. ATP is created when hydrogen ions are pumped into the inner space (lumen) of the thylakoid. Hydrogen ions have a positive charge. Like in magnets, the same charges repel, so the hydrogen ions want to get away from each other. They escape the thylakoid through a membrane protein called ATP synthase.

How many hydrogen ions are needed to synthesize ATP?

ATP Synthesis. This gradient is produced by the pumping of hydrogen ions into the IMS as described above. We now believe it requires the movement of four (4) hydrogen ions — three through complex V plus one via the phosphate/hydrogen ion symport — back into the matrix to synthesize one (1) ATP.

How many protons does it take to make 3 ATP molecules?

Thus, three ATP molecules require eight protons, which means one ATP needs [math]\\frac {8} {3}=2.67 [/math] protons. We also need to add the cost of importing one phosphate ion into the mitochondrion via the hydrogen-phosphate symporter.

Which region of ATP synthase spans the chloroplast membrane?

The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate spans the chloroplast membrane. False. The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes ATP production protrudes out of, but does not span, the chloroplast membrane; the region that spans the membrane is an ion channel through which protons can pass.