How many tRNA molecules are required?

At least 31 tRNAs are required to translate, unambiguously, all 61 sense codons.

How is tRNA used in protein synthesis?

The overall role of tRNA in protein synthesis is to decode a specific codon of mRNA, using its anticodon, in order to transfer a specific amino acid to the end of a chain in the ribosome. Many tRNAs together build upon the amino acid chain, eventually creating a protein for the original mRNA strand.

What the maximal number of the tRNA molecules that is needed for synthesis a protein composed of 20 different amino acid?

The following “wobble” rules mean that the 61 codons (for 20 amino acids) can be read by as few as 31 anticodons (or 31 tRNAs).

How many different types of tRNA molecules are necessary to construct a protein?

Because there are four amino acids that could comprise each of the three bases in a codon, there are 4^3 = 64 possible codons. Some codons code for the same amino acid, and so the actual number of tRNA molecules needed is less than 64.

What is the minimum number of tRNA molecules in a cell?

32
Because certain tRNAs decode up to three or four different codons, the theoretical minimum number of tRNAs for an organism to encode 20 amino acids is 32 (34).

How many tRNA are in a cell?

The majority of cells have 40 to 60 types of tRNAs because most of the 61 sense codons have their own tRNA in the eukaryotic cytosol. The tRNAs, which accept the same amino acid are known as isoaccepting tRNAs. In the human mitochondria, there are only 22 different tRNAs and in plant chloroplasts, about 30.

Which is required for protein synthesis?

DNA and another form of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid (RNA) are also essential. RNA carries instructions from the nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm, where protein is synthesized. RNA is similar to DNA, with three exceptions. First, the carbohydrate in RNA is ribose rather than deoxyribose.

How many synthetases are there?

Most living cells possess a set of 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs), specifically charging their cognate tRNAs (1,2).

How many AARS are there?

There are 20 aaRSs, one for each of the 20 standard amino acids. AaRSs can be divided into two mutually exclusive classes, I and II, based on their structural, functional, and evolutionary relatedness (Cusack et al., 1990; Eriani et al., 1990; Burbaum and Schimmel, 1991; Cusack, 1993; Ibba and Söll, 2000).

How many TNAS are required to translate all 61 codons?

32 t-RNAs
Explanation: A minimum of 32 t-RNAs are required to translate all 61 codons.