What are rainfall runoff models?

A runoff model is a mathematical model describing the rainfall–runoff relations of a rainfall catchment area, drainage basin or watershed. More precisely, it produces a surface runoff hydrograph in response to a rainfall event, represented by and input as a hyetograph.

What is rainfall runoff simulation?

The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) is a deterministic, distributed-parameter, physical process based modeling system developed to evaluate the response of various combinations of climate and land use on streamflow and general watershed hydrology.

Why rainfall runoff Modelling is important?

Runoff plays an important role in the hydrological cycle by returning excess precipitation to the oceans and controlling how much water flows into stream systems. Modeling runoff can help to understand, control, and monitor the quality and quantity of water resources.

What is hydrogeological Modelling?

Hydrological modeling can be defined as the characterization of real hydrologic features and system by the use of small-scale physical models, mathematical analogues, and computer simulations (Allaby and Allaby, 1999). From: Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2016.

What is SCS Curve Number?

The SCS curve number method is a simiple, widely used and efficient method for determining the approxient amount of runoff from a rainfall even in a particular area. The curve number is based on the area’s hydrologic soil group, land use , treatment and hydrologic condition.

What is Hspf modeling?

The Hydrologic Simulation Program‑FORTRAN (known as HSPF) is a mathematical model developed under the Environmental Protection Agency sponsorship to simulate hydrologic and water quality processes in natural and manmade water systems.

What is discharge hydrograph?

A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow is typically expressed in cubic meters or cubic feet per second (cms or cfs).

What is hydrological parameter?

However, they have not covered the entire spectrum of RS datasets for hydrological parameter retrieval. An attempt has been made in the present paper to review the past and present status of techniques and applications of RS and GIS in retrieval and modelling of hydrological parameters in the Indian context.

What are the different hydrologic process accounted in modelling?

The conceptual model would then specify the important watershed features (e.g., land use, land cover, soils, subsoils, geology, wetlands, lakes), atmospheric exchanges (e.g., precipitation, evapotranspiration), human uses (e.g., agricultural, municipal, industrial, navigation, thermo- and hydro-electric power …

What is CN value?

The CN value is a primary input parameter for the SCS runoff equation, as used by HydroCAD. Lower values (such as 58 for certain wooded areas), correspond to an increased ability of the soil to retain rainfall, and will produce much less runoff.

What is CN value in hydrology?

The runoff curve number (also called a curve number or simply CN) is an empirical parameter used in hydrology for predicting direct runoff or infiltration from rainfall excess.

What is rainfall-runoff modeling?

The focus is on rainfall-runoff modeling or how the transformation of rainfall into runoff can be simulated with different mathematical tools describing runoff generation processes. Based on personal and professional experiences, the use of hydrological models, their advantages and challenges are described.

How can artificial neural networks be used to model rainfall-runoff relationships?

The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is becoming increasingly common in the analysis of hydrology and water resources problems. In this research, an ANN was developed and used to model the rainfall-runoff relationship, in a catchment located in a semiarid climate in Morocco.

What is the representative elementary area in hydrology?

In analogy, Wood et al. (1988) introduced the representative elementary area (REA) in catchment hydrology. The analysis method is to plot peak flow of an event (or many events) versus subcatchment size for a set of nested catchments, and where the variability levels out, one finds the REA.