What are the characteristics of complex civilizations?

In a complex civilization, farmers may cultivate one type of crop and depend on other people for other foods, clothing, shelter, and information. Civilizations that depend on trade are specially marked by divisions of labor. The city of Timbuktu, in what is now Mali, was an important trading center for several African civilizations.

What is the relationship between civilization and population?

Large population centers, or urban area s (1), allow civilizations to develop, although people who live outside these urban centers are still part of that region’s civilization. Rural residents of civilizations may include farmers, fishers, and traders, who regularly sell their goods and services to urban residents.

Why are humans not as well adapted to their environment?

That is why, after millennia of progress as a civilization, humans are not as well adapted to our world as we would like. Many of our physical features are obsolete, developed in times when our ancestors lived more “naturally,” or primitively.

What would the future of human evolution look like?

A few centuries in the future, genetic engineering would allow the alteration of humans to adapt them to specific conditions. To build spacecraft directly in orbit, we would create humanoid beings called vacuumorphs. These beings would be adapted to survive in the vacuum of space without gravity and without any special protection.

What is an example of external pressure on a civilization?

The clearest example of external pressure on a civilization is foreign invasion or sustained warfare. Protecting a civilization’s border s can be extremely expensive and demand a strong military at the expense of developing or maintaining other aspect s of a civilization.