What are the possible causes of the concrete failure?

The two most common causes of failure are carbonation and chloride contamination of the concrete. Both of these lead to corrosion of the embedded steel reinforcement and as the steel corrodes it expands and exerts pressure on the concrete so that, eventually, the concrete cracks and spalls.

What are the factors that cause deterioration of concrete structures?

The most common factors which lead to the deterioration are the environmental factors (such as the salty environment, moisture and carbon dioxide), the materials and the casting procedures (such as improper concreting procedures, use of porous aggregates, use of aggregates from saline sources, use of saline water in …

What gives concrete its strength?

Through a chemical reaction called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength to form the rock-like mass known as concrete. Within this process lies the key to a remarkable trait of concrete: it’s plastic and malleable when newly mixed, strong and durable when hardened.

What does RC stand for in construction?

Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC), is a composite material in which concrete’s relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.

How does concrete deteriorate?

Concrete deterioration can occur through scaling, disintegration, erosion, corrosion of reinforcement, delamination, spalling, alkali-aggregate reactions, and cracking of concrete.

What are the advantages of reinforced concrete beams compared with plain concrete beams?

Advantages of Reinforced Concrete Reinforced concrete has a high compressive strength compared to other building materials. Due to the provided reinforcement, reinforced concrete can also withstand a good amount of tensile stress. Fire and weather resistance of reinforced concrete is fair.

Why is concrete used in beams?

Concrete floor beams, when used with a suitable thermal panel, provide a high level of thermal insulation and fire resistance. These properties make concrete a relatively low cost solution for flooring which will allow structural integrity to remain in a fire and will also require very little ongoing maintenance.

What are the 5 structural problems of concrete?

Problems with concrete include construction errors, disintegration, scaling, cracking, efflorescence, erosion, spalling, and popouts.

What is the most common cause of concrete deterioration?

Corrosion of reinforcing steel and other embedded metals is the leading cause of deterioration in concrete. When steel corrodes, the resulting rust occupies a greater volume than the steel. This expan- sion creates tensile stresses in the concrete, which can eventually cause cracking, delamination, and spalling (Figs.

How concrete strength is measured?

Compressive strength of concrete Compressive strength is tested by breaking cylindrical concrete specimens in a special machine designed to measure this type of strength. It is measured in pounds per square inch (psi). Testing is done according to the ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) standard C39.

What is the size of a concreting beam?

Concrete beams were cast measuring 500 mm long by 100 mm square. A rebate 20 mm deep by 40 mm wide by 300 mm long was formed in the top of each beam and, after curing, four 32 mm diameter holes were drilled to a depth of approximately 10 mm in the bottom of the rebate using a heavy rotary hammer drill.

Which side of a concrete beam is reinforced?

A concrete beam of rectangular section is reinforced only on its tensile side, when it carries bending moment only (shear force V = 0). This is the most simple and basic reinforced concrete member, of which the mechanical process and responses have been tested and reported in detail.

What is bending moment in reinforced concrete beams?

Reinforced Concrete Beams Let’s look at the internal moment at section between the supports and applied load The bending moment is the internal reaction to forces which cause a beam to bend. Bending moment can also be referred to as torque M 2 P Reinforced Concrete Beams

What is the difference between simple beams and continuous beams?

If either, or both ends of a beam projects beyond the supports, it is called a simple beam with overhang. A beam with more than simple supports is a continuous beam.