What happened during the Umayyad Caliphate?

The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) under Islamic rule. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 11,100,000 km2 (4,300,000 sq mi), making it one of the largest empires in history in terms of area.

What happened to the Arab empire under the Umayyads?

The Umayyad Caliphate ruled the Islamic Empire from 661-750 CE. It succeeded the Rashidun Caliphate when Muawiyah I became Caliph after the First Muslim Civil War. The Umayyad Caliphate was brought to an end in 750 CE when the Abbasids took control.

What were some key features of the Umayyad dynasty?

The Umayyads were the first dynasty to take over the institute of Caliphate, transforming it into an inheritable title. They were responsible for bringing centralization and stability to the realm, and they also continued the swift military expansion of the empire.

How did the Umayyad Caliphate start?

Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE.

When was the Umayyad Caliphate?

661
Umayyad dynasty, also spelled Omayyad, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate (661–750 ce), sometimes referred to as the Arab kingdom (reflecting traditional Muslim disapproval of the secular nature of the Umayyad state).

Why was the Umayyad Caliphate important?

The Umayyad dynasty centralized authority within the Islamic civilization, perhaps most notably with its fifth ruler ʿAbd al-Malik. The Umayyads also oversaw a rapid expansion of territory, extending as far west as Spain and as far east as India, allowing both Islam and the Arabic language to spread over a vast area.

How was the institution of Caliphate created?

After his death, there was no one, who could legitimately claim to be the next Prophet of Islam. No rule was made regarding the institution. That’s why after his death Islamic authority was transferred to the Ulema. In this way, the institution of Caliphate was created.

Where did the Umayyad Caliphate dynasty move the Islamic capital to?

Damascus
Umayyad dynasty, (661–750) First great Muslim dynasty. It was founded by Muʿāwiyah I, who triumphed over the Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law, ʿAlī, to become the fifth caliph. He moved the capital from Medina to Damascus and used the Syrian army to extend the Arab empire.

What is the relationship between the Umayyad Caliphate and Muhammad?

Umayyad Caliphate is first of the Muslim Empires (or Islamic Empires) of the world which ruled the Caliphate Empire (661-750 A.D.) Both Muhammad and Umayyads had a common ancestor named Abd Manaf ibn Qusai from where they descended.

What were the social classes in the Umayyad Caliphate?

The Umayyad Caliphate had four main social classes: Muslim Arabs Muslim non-Arabs (clients of the Muslim Arabs) Dhimmis, non-Muslim free persons (Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and others) Slaves

Why was the Umayyad dynasty called a kingdom?

Thus, it is known that the Yajid’s succession was possible due to his father for whom the Umayyad Dynasty is basically popular as a hereditary dynasty. And it is due to this reason the Islamic historians call the Umayyad period as “kingdom” (Mulk) rather than caliphate.

Why is the Umayyad era considered the formative period in Islam?

The Umayyad era is often considered the formative period in Islamic art. During the pre-Islamic period, the Umayyads or “Banu Umayya” were a leading clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca.