What is meant by caliphs?

Definition of caliph : a successor of Muhammad as temporal (see temporal entry 1 sense 1c) and spiritual head of Islam —used as a title.

What is the other name of caliph?

List of caliphs

Khalīfah (Caliph) خَليفة
Residence	al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah (Medina) al-Kūfah (Kufa) Dimashq (Damascus) Baġdād (Baghdad) Sāmarra (Samarra) Qāhirah (Cairo) Qustantiniyyeh (Istanbul)
Appointer	Hereditary (since 661)
Formation	8 June 632
First holder	Abu Bakr

How do you spell caliphs?

All great Islamic leaders take the title caliph. Because caliph is an Anglicized version of an Arabic word, from a different alphabet, there are many spelling variations including calif, kalif, kaliph, khalif, and khalifah.

Who was the Caliph of Cordoba?

Hakam II ( al-Hakam II al-Mustansir ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman III) (Al-Hakam II ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III) (January 13, 915 – October 16, 976). Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba (r.961-976). He enlarged and embellished the Great Mosque of Cordoba, and gradually became the suzerain of all the Christian princes of the north.

How did Abd ar-Rahman become the Emir of Córdoba?

Abd ar-Rahman I became emir of Córdoba in 756 after six years in exile after the Umayyads lost the position of caliph in Damascus to the Abbasids in 750. Intent on regaining power, he defeated the area’s existing Islamic rulers and united various local fiefdoms into an emirate.

Who was the Caliph of Baghdad before Abd ar Rahman?

Prior to Abd ar-Rahman’s proclamation as the caliph, the Umayyads generally recognized the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad as being the rightful rulers of the Muslim community. Even after repulsing the Fatimids, he kept the more prestigious title.

How old was Hisham II when he became caliph?

Before his death, al-Hakam named his only son Hisham II successor. Although the 10-year-old child was ill-equipped to be caliph, Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir (top adviser to al-Hakam, also known as Almanzor ), who had sworn an oath of obedience to Hisham II, pronounced him caliph.