What is the ATP generated in photosystem II used to do?

sugar molecules
This forms an electrochemical gradient. The ions flow through ATP synthase from the thylakoid space into the stroma in a process called chemiosmosis to form molecules of ATP, which are used for the formation of sugar molecules in the second stage of photosynthesis.

What is ATP synthesis coupled with?

The energetically favorable return of protons to the matrix is coupled to ATP synthesis by the F1 subunit, which catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate ions (Pi).

How is ATP synthesized during photosynthesis?

During photosynthesis in plants, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase using a proton gradient created in the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid membrane and into the chloroplast stroma. An F-ATPase consists of two main subunits, FO and F1, which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production.

How does the electron transport chain between photosystems II and I create ATP?

They escape the thylakoid through a membrane protein called ATP synthase. By moving through the protein they give it power, like water moving through a dam. When hydrogen ions move through the protein and down the electron transport chain, ATP is created.

What happens in photosystem II?

Photosystem II is the first link in the chain of photosynthesis. It captures photons and uses the energy to extract electrons from water molecules. First, when the electrons are removed, the water molecule is broken into oxygen gas, which bubbles away, and hydrogen ions, which are used to power ATP synthesis.

Does photosystem 2 produce ATP?

This is accomplished by the use of two different photosystems in the light reactions of photosynthesis, one to generate ATP and the other to generate NADPH. Electrons are transferred sequentially between the two photosystems, with photosystem I acting to generate NADPH and photosystem II acting to generate ATP.

Where does ATP synthesis occur?

ATP is synthesized from its precursor, ADP, by ATP synthases. These enzymes are found in the cristae and the inner membrane of mitochondria, the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, and the plasma membrane of bacteria [5]. Usually, there is a general understanding that ATP generation occurs in mitochondria.

How does energy flow through photosystem II during photosynthesis?

When light is absorbed by one of the pigments in photosystem II, energy is passed inward from pigment to pigment until it reaches the reaction center. The high-energy electron is passed to an acceptor molecule and replaced with an electron from water.

What are the functions of photosystem I and photosystem II in plants photosystem I photosystem II?

Photosystem I produces NADPH, which is similar in function to the NADH and FADH2 produced by the citric acid cycle. NADPH is an electron carrier that can donate electrons to other compounds and thus reduce them. Photosystem II produces a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP.

What is the relationship between the photosystem and the electron transport chain?

In the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center, energy from sunlight is used to extract electrons from water. The electrons travel through the chloroplast electron transport chain to photosystem I (PSI), which reduces NADP+ to NADPH. The electron transport chain moves protons across the thylakoid membrane into the lumen.

What happens between photosystem II and photosystem I?

Photosystem II occurs before photosystem I but it was discovered after photosystem I. In photosystem II, energy is absorbed by electrons, creating high-energy electrons which are passed on to the electron transport chain but in photosystem I the electrons are picked up by NADP to form NADPH.