Which countries had concessions in Shanghai?

The concessions had extraterritoriality and were enclaves inside key cities that became treaty ports….List of concessions.

What 3 coastal ports did the Chinese government use for trade?

The Treaty of Nanking ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain in perpetuity and stipulated that five ports were to be opened to foreign trade: Canton (Guangzhou), Amoy (Xiamen), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), and Shanghai.

How many ports were allowed to be open to foreigners?

No more than two or three ports were ever opened in the smaller countries. Within the treaty ports, Western subjects had the right of extraterritoriality—i.e., they were under the control of their own consuls and were not subject to the laws of the country in which they resided.

Why did the Chinese create foreign enclaves?

They provided a place of refuge from government, out of the reach of the Imperial regime. A free press and free access to western literature made the larger enclaves hot beds of revolution. It is easy to understand why these population centers, immune to Chinese laws, posed a threat to the government.

When did the British leave Shanghai?

British Concession (Shanghai)

Which western country first signed commercial treaty with China?

The first treaty between China and the United Kingdom termed “unequal” was the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. Following Qing China’s defeat, treaties with Britain opened up five ports to foreign trade, while also allowing foreign missionaries, at least in theory, to reside within China.

What was the first port that the Chinese opened to trade?

The North Riverbank in Ningbo (nowadays known as the Old Bund), was the first in China, opening in 1844, 20 years before the Shanghai bund.

Does China own any US ports?

Right now, “Chinese state-owned enterprises hold ownership stakes in terminals at five U.S. ports,” according to a U.S. Naval War College investigation. China’s Offshore Shipping Company, or Cosco, for instance, has a 40 percent joint venture stake in Los Angeles’ West Basin Container Terminal.

Who owns the most ports in the world?

FILE – China Shipping Company containers are stacked at the Virginia International’s terminal in Portsmouth, Va., May 10, 2019. A powerhouse in global trade, China has more shipping ports at home than any other country. Key investments add about another 100 ports in at least 60 nations.

What demands and concessions did the British government and other Western powers require of China?

By its provisions, China was required to pay Britain a large indemnity, cede Hong Kong Island to the British, and increase the number of treaty ports where the British could trade and reside from one (Canton) to five.

What are treaty ports in China?

Treaty port. Along with Western municipal institutions came Western ways of life, and many Asians were first acquainted with Western thought and techniques in the treaty ports. Beginning in the late 19th century, treaty port cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou (Canton) constituted the major areas from which industrialization developed in China.

What was the significance of the Chinese capitulation treaties?

Chinese capitulation treaties. The treaty port system in China lasted approximately one hundred years. It began with the 1841 Opium War and ended with the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor.

What happened to the treaty port era in Indochina?

In 1946, in order to induce the Chinese to vacate the northern half of French Indochina, de Gaulle signed a capitulation treaty with Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist (Kuomintang) government. Whatever residues of the treaty port era were left in the late 1940s were ended when the communists took over China in 1949.

Why were treaty ports abolished in Japan?

Beginning in the late 19th century, treaty port cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou (Canton) constituted the major areas from which industrialization developed in China. The treaty ports were abolished in Japan in 1899 as a result of that country’s rapid industrialization and burgeoning military power.