Why is phenol added to insulin?

Preparations of insulin or rapid-acting insulin analogs contain phenolic excipients that serve two purposes: maintaining sterility of the solution and stabilization of the insulin molecule in the hexameric form to avoid aggregation [15], [16].

What is M cresol used for in insulin?

Most of the insulin formulations in clinical use contain phenol, meta-cresol or both as excipients. These excipients in insulin preparations provide stability and have antimicrobial properties. However, they are reported to be associated with undesirable side-effects especially localised allergic reactions.

What preservative is used in insulin?

m-Cresol and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate are preservatives in insulin preparations.

What is metacresol used for?

meta-Cresol, also 3-methylphenol, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4(OH). It is a colourless, viscous liquid that is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. It is a derivative of phenol and is an isomer of p-cresol and o-cresol.

What is phenol insulin?

Interactions of Phenol and m-Cresol in the Insulin Hexamer, and Their Effect on the Association Properties of B28 Pro → Asp Insulin Analogues‡ ACS Applied Nano Materials. ACS Nano. Analytical Chemistry.

How is actrapid administered?

Actrapid is a fast-acting human insulin and may be used in combination with intermediate or long-acting insulin medicinal products. Actrapid is administered subcutaneously by injection in the abdominal wall, the thigh, the gluteal region or the deltoid region.

Is phenol an organic compound?

Phenols are organic compounds which contain a hydroxyl (—OH) group attached to a carbon atom in a benzene ring. Phenol, or hydroxybenzene, is the parent compound of the phenols, consisting of an OH group directly connected to a benzene ring.

Why is m-cresol more acidic than O cresol?

m-cresol is the more acidic than p-cresol because in ortho and para isomers, hyperconjugative effects of -CH3 group lead to an increase in electron density on the oxygen atom.

Where can I inject Lantus?

Lantus® may be injected in the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh. Remember to rotate injection sites. The abdomen is the preferred injection site for the AutoShield Duo.

When should I take protaphane?

Protaphane is a long-acting insulin. It can be given once or twice a day, with or without a fast-acting insulin (given at meal times), according to the doctor’s recommendation. The usual dose is between 0.3 and 1.0 international units (IU) per kilogram body weight per day.

What is the difference between hydroxy benzene and phenol?

is that hydroxybenzene is (organic compound) phenol while phenol is (organic compound|uncountable) a caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, c6h5oh, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid.

Why is phenol important?

Phenols are widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial synthesis. For example, phenol itself is used (in low concentrations) as a disinfectant in household cleaners and in mouthwash. Phenol may have been the first surgical antiseptic.