What was the main difference between the Abbasid and Umayyad Empires and why?

Umayyad’s focused upon military expansion and conquer of territories while Abbasids favored expansion of knowledge. Umayyad Muslims are referred to as Sunni Muslims while Abbasid Muslims are called the Shiites.

What did the Umayyad Caliphate conquer?

The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) under Islamic rule. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 11,100,000 km2 (4,300,000 sq mi), making it one of the largest empires in history in terms of area.

Why were the Abbasid family able to conquer the Umayyad?

Non-Arabs were treated as second-class citizens regardless of whether or not they converted to Islam, and this discontent cutting across faiths and ethnicities ultimately led to the Umayyads’ overthrow. The Abbasid family claimed to have descended from al-Abbas, an uncle of Muhammad.

Who finally conquered the Abbasid dynasty in 1258 the Umayyad the Turks the Mongols the Ottomans?

The Abbasids age of cultural revival and fruition ended in 1258 with the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols under Hulagu Khan and the execution of Al-Musta’sim. The Abbasid line of rulers, and Muslim culture in general, re-centred themselves in the Mamluk capital of Cairo in 1261.

How did the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties govern?

The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE, supporting the mawali, or non-Arab Muslims, by moving the capital to Baghdad in 762 CE. The Persian bureaucracy slowly replaced the old Arab aristocracy as the Abbasids established the new positions of vizier and emir to delegate their central authority.

What is Umayyad and Abbasid?

The Umayyads had been based in Syria and were influenced by its Byzantine architecture and administration. In contrast, the Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad in 762 and, although the leaders were Arab, administrators and cultural influence were primarily Persian.

How were the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties different?

The Abbasids distinguished themselves from the Umayyads by attacking their moral character and administration. In particular, they appealed to non-Arab Muslims, known as mawali, who remained outside the kinship-based society of the Arabs and were perceived as a lower class within the Umayyad empire.

How did the Umayyad dynasty change Islam?

The Umayyads also oversaw a rapid expansion of territory, extending as far west as Spain and as far east as India, allowing both Islam and the Arabic language to spread over a vast area.

Why was the Abbasid Caliphate important?

Between 750 and 833 the Abbasids raised the prestige and power of the empire, promoting commerce, industry, arts, and science, particularly during the reigns of al-Manṣūr, Hārūn al-Rashīd, and al-Maʾmūn.

Why did Abbasid Caliphate fall?

This is when the Abbasid Empire starts to fall apart; heavy taxation, agrarian disorder, societal mishap, and revolts all play the Abbasid Empire into the hands of the Buyids, a Persian group that captures Baghdad, the capital, and controls the Abbasid for a few years. The invasion of the Mongols, who sack Baghdad.

What areas did the Umayyad Caliphate conquer?

The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 11,100,000 km 2 (4,300,000 sq mi), making it one of the largest empires in history in terms of area.

What is the difference between the Umayyad and Abbasid empires?

Umayyad’s focused upon military expansion and conquer of territories while Abbasids favored expansion of knowledge. Umayyad Muslims are referred to as Sunni Muslims while Abbasid Muslims are called the Shiites. Abbasid had been content with inherited empire while Umayyad’s were aggressive and espoused expansion militarily.

Why were the Umayyad caliphs considered too secular?

The Umayyad Caliphs were considered too secular by some of their Muslim subjects. Christians, who still constituted a majority of the Caliphate’s population, and Jews were allowed to practice their own religion but had to pay a head tax (the jizya) from which Muslims were exempt.

How did Islam spread from Mecca to the Middle East?

These early caliphates, coupled with Muslim economics and trading and Islamic Golden Age and the later expansion of the Gunpowder Empires, resulted in Islam’s spread outwards from Mecca towards the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans and the creation of the Muslim world.

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